Which theory posits that humans are motivated by the intrinsic need for self-actualization?

• A. Freud
• B. Maslow
• C. Erikson
• D. Kohlberg

Answer: (B)

Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow proposed that people are motivated by a progression of needs from basic, tangible ones like food and safety to psychological needs like belonging and esteem, with the ultimate drive being to realize one’s own potential. This top need is intrinsic, meaning the motivation comes from within and aims at personal growth, creativity, and becoming the best version of oneself. That focus on internal growth and fulfilling one’s talents is what sets Maslow’s idea apart. In contrast, Freud emphasizes unconscious drives and early conflicts, Erikson centers on psychosocial crises across the lifespan, and Kohlberg analyzes how moral reasoning develops—none of these place self-actualization as the central intrinsic motivator. A practical takeaway is that supporting residents involves meeting their basic needs first, then helping them engage in activities that promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.