Which term describes the pattern of agitation that worsens in the late day or night?

• A. Sundowning
• B. Nighttime Disturbance
• C. Sleep Disorder
• D. Circadian Rhythm Disorder

Answer: (A)

Sundowning describes increased agitation, confusion, or restlessness that tends to occur in the late afternoon, evening, or night, especially in people with dementia. This term captures the specific pattern of behavior where symptoms worsen as daylight fades, which is the hallmark of this phenomenon. The other terms refer to broader sleep or circadian issues without describing this time-specific surge in agitation. Understanding sundowning helps caregivers apply targeted strategies—keeping a regular daytime routine with good light exposure, limiting naps, creating a calm, well-lit evening environment, and addressing possible triggers like pain, hunger, or toileting needs—to reduce late-day distress.