Which term describes the friction that occurs when the skin slides over tissue while the underlying bone remains in place?

• A. Abrasion
• B. Friction
• C. Shearing
• D. Torsion

Answer: (C)

Shear is the force at play when the skin slides over underlying tissue while the bones stay in place. This sliding stretches and damages the tissues and blood vessels beneath the skin, which can lead to deeper injury even if the surface isn’t heavily rubbed. It commonly occurs when a person in bed is moved or pulled upward while the torso slides down toward the foot of the bed, causing the skin to move but the bones to remain fixed. To prevent this, caregivers should minimize sliding by using proper lifting methods and devices that reduce friction and shear, such as draw sheets and safe patient-handling techniques. Abrasion refers to superficial skin wearing away from rough contact; friction is the surface rubbing action that can cause superficial damage; torsion involves twisting forces. The scenario described best fits the sliding, separating action of shear.