What term describes the act of removing bacteria to prevent contamination with pathogens?

• A. Sanitizing
• B. Sterilization
• C. Disinfection
• D. Cleaning

Answer: (D)

Removing bacteria to prevent contamination is about physically cleaning surfaces or hands to wash away germs. Cleaning uses soap or detergent and water to remove dirt, debris, and many microorganisms, which lowers the microbial load and reduces the chance of transfer. It’s the foundational step that prepares a safe environment; higher levels of control exist if we need to further reduce or eliminate remaining pathogens—sanitizing aims for safe levels of bacteria, disinfection kills most pathogens, and sterilization destroys all microorganisms. In everyday CNA care, cleaning is the first and essential action to prevent contamination by removing bacteria.