An artificial means of removing the body's waste products when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly.

• A. Transplant
• B. Nephrectomy
• C. Dialysis
• D. Renal Replacement

Answer: (C)

Dialysis is the process that substitutes kidney function by filtering the blood to remove waste products and excess fluids when the kidneys no longer work. There are two main forms: hemodialysis uses a machine and a semipermeable filter, while peritoneal dialysis uses the body's peritoneal membrane. This approach directly removes waste from the body, which is what the question describes. A transplant would replace the kidneys with donor tissue, a natural-organ solution rather than an artificial removal process. Nephrectomy is the surgical removal of a kidney, which would not remove waste; it would reduce the body's filtering capacity. Renal replacement is a broad term for therapies that take over kidney function, which includes dialysis and transplant; but the item asks for the artificial means of waste removal, which is dialysis.